Architecture, or the art of creating space, is an important part of human life defined in relation to the concept of space, while other dimensions of human life, including human activities, meanings, interactions and relationships, occur in the social space. Nowadays, space is no more viewed as an objective, passive and impartial structure, inside which we are merely placed, or which can be calculated scientifically; it is rather produced through a complicated set of social actions that overlap: representational, economic, epistemological and conceptual actions, individual, spatial actions, and collective political actions. Henri Lefebvre organizes these actions in a spatial triad (spatial practices, representations of space and representational spaces). This triad tells us that it is not architects only that form the space, but in fact there are fields of numerous conflicting powers that affect the production of space, and architectural work is only a part of the process of the production of space. Although the relationship between the production of space and capital is an inevitable debate, numerous issues, including the time, place, and economic conditions of the community, have an impact on the type of use of space and perhaps its misuse. Nevertheless, the main purpose of this study is to show the general lines of capital impact on space formation in the contemporary world, so that it is impossible to determine the influences and importance of capital flow in relation to the past, in which the political determines the factor Was ignored. Indeed, nowadays capitalism has expanded its realm of influence. And In addition to the economic domain, capital dominates the cultural, social and, consequently, architectural domain. Therefore, it is necessary to review the role and status of the architecture. This is because architectural action directly affects the social relations, power, production relations, capital and life of societies, and in the long run it might cause social, political, economic and cultural changes in societies. In fact, this study seeks to reveal the role and status of architecture in capital accumulation. For this purpose, using qualitative methodology and logical reasoning, architectural space has been studied in this article through Lefebvre’ s theory of production of space. The findings of the study have been presented in the form of analytical models and solutions. The results of the study indicate that the architect, as designer, planner and decision-maker, plays a role in form structuring (homogeneity), spatial organization (hierarchy) and spatial fragmentation, and overlooking the effects that the architect might have on social relations, power, and the production and accumulation of capital can cause architects (intellectual forces) to turn into the infantrymen of the capital. Thus, architecture, as a contributing factor to the improvement of everyday life, should turn into a knowledge-producing field. Architects and designers have mostly focused on technical and artistic aspects of architecture, they have failed to pay attention to other aspects of the design and production of space, such as the importance of architecture as a spatial discourse in which understanding the produced space of spatial forms can help protect social relations, production relations, control and power; as such aspects have been discussed in this study, it can be of great help.

Today an onthological concern in humanities and architectural theories is considered and in this respect the return to nature is focused. This fact in architecture is mostly reflected on the relationship of architecture with physical nature. It seems that ‘essence’ as one of the meanings of ‘nature’ is less valued. The major meaning of ‘essence’ is introduced as the ‘intrinsic or indispensable properties that serve to characterize or identify something’; but the reflection of this concept in architectural space is not clear. On the other hand, the notion of ‘essence’ in the meaning and on its influence on ‘architectural space’ cannot be separated from essential values in human nature. Truth, goodness, beauty, wholeness, aliveness, perfection, justice, order, simplicity and richness can be considered as the main charecteristics of human being. This article is intended to present the necessity of understanding the very unique quality of space which is considered to be present in ‘essence of architectural space’. Also it is intended to prepare the main criteria and factors in this undestanding. The research method in this article is based on qualitative approach with logical argumentation in the architectural theories. Due to this necessity, this article is presented in three main sections. The first part is to explain the transformation of the meaning of nature in history; also the relationship of essence and nature is regarded. In the next chapter the main approaches in the understanding of essence of architectural space are suggested. These approaches are presented as understanding essence of architectural space based on natural human needs and desires, similar qualities in vernacular architecture, etymological term of essence, phenomenological approaches of architectural space, nature-based approaches and also its relation with form. Consequently in the third chapter, the relationship of this quality of space with architectural approaches based on nature is analyzed. In the conclusion it is mentioned that the search for true and pure qualities in architectural space which is arisen from natural human needs can be conceived as essence of architectural space. This search in architectural theories is reflected via different references. With regard to this approach it can be focused that how this quality is understood differently in the recent theories after 1900’s; organicism, structuralism, contextualism, regionalism theories and even sustainability, all seem to follow common objectives. In the 19th century organicism, this notion with regard to religion is reflected on the unity with nature. The main concepts of organicism in the 20th century are categorized as unity between parts and whole, natural forms and relation to physical nature. In the regionalism, return to regional characteristics is focused. Also sturacture as a whole being, order in Louis Kahn's idea and life in Alexander's definition are considered as the concepts in deeper level of relationship with nature. Sometimes the search for this essential quality of space is converted to superficial and artifitial interpretation of nature; in some other attitudes nature is respected as a sacred and metaphysical concept which has influenced in the harmony between architect's mind and nature. 

Historical architecture is a space-time continuum that was formed in the interaction of man and space in time and defined its distinction and continuity. The values related to the space and time dimensions of this continuum have led to the formation of the concept and its protection in interaction with the concept of development and change. The process of protection and development should lead to the continuity of this space-time continuum and its values. Based on this, the following article with the main purpose of expressing the mentality and actuality of the preservation and development of historical architecture in relation to the defining elements of architecture: space and time, to the main question "has the process of preservation and development of historical architecture been able to maintain its space-time continuity in Will time continue?", answers with a qualitative approach and a logical reasoning method and a library method. The findings show that in the historical course of conservation and development, space has been considered objectively and time linearly and objectively, and based on this, two general perspectives on the space-time continuum have been formed: one, the separation of time from space during time and the product of the past time of the space-time continuum, and the other, the separation of the past time from the space during time and the product of the present and the future of the space-time continuum. In the second perspective, space-time continuums are reproduced as many conservation and development processes. As a result, due to the dominance of the linear and objective view on "time" in both views, the space-time continuum does not continue in time.

The question of place & space has always been a vital issue both in philosophy and architecture and has formed a significant portion of the literature in these two areas of human thought. Therefore, the viewpoint of philosophers and architects-whether those engaged in the production of architecture or those occupied with theory-considered. Revision and analysis of these points of views can lead to the promotion of theoretical matters. This, in turn, can promote the quality of their products.Philosophical attitude of architects in the essence of space and its meaning (i.e. architectural works) create and innovate a cohensive outlook among architects and practitioners of philosophy- a matter which has not received due diligence so far. On the other hand, in their quest to enter the nature of architecture, philosophers have tried to convey their perceptions of place and space to the architects. The present material is intended to introduce and reconsider the views of certain writers and theorists and to analyze the definitions, Concepts and strategies in this field.

Considering the significance of architectural space quality in human beings lives and the multi-faceted nature of its indicators, there is a need for scientific and reliable methods for modeling space quality that widely integrate and evaluate affecting indicators. Despite the effective role of space quality indicators’ importance in promoting architectural designs, researchers have not yet studied various criteria involved in evaluating architectural space comprehensively. Despite the necessity of taking into account all aspects of space quality for specifying a complete set of influencing criteria and accordingly determining the importance of the considered criteria for creating desirable space quality, this issue has not yet been considered well in previous studies. Currently, architects rely on professional expertise to enhance space quality. However, a mathematical model that systematically evaluates qualitative criteria can serve as a more objective tool for optimizing design outcomes. Fuzzy sets theory provides an efficient tool for considering vagueness uncertainties of the professionals' knowledge in a mathematical framework guaranteeing that outcomes of space evaluation will be concrete and reliable. The novelty of present study includes a) integrating different aspects of space quality in one space evaluation model, b) considering and modeling the fact that some criteria are related to more than one quality indicator and c) considering that expertise on influencing criteria weights of importance are qualitative judgments that include vagueness uncertainty, utilizing fuzzy sets theory to model the uncertainty quantitatively and mathematically. We first studied the most important quality criteria defined by scholars and discussed major relevant criteria. We showed that quality of architectural space have three main indicators, each with various criteria. The weights of the criteria in each indicator were categorized into low, medium and high level. Using fuzzy sets theory the most influential criteria relevant to each of main quality indicators were determined. Among the specified 30 crucial quality criteria, “legibility”, “visual clarity”, “hierarchy”, “objective transparency”, and “diversity” had the highest importance for more than one indicator. Therefore, it can be concluded that they play a more significant role in creating space quality. Finally, we presented a fuzzy space quality evaluation conceptual model. The presented model provides architects with a set of helpful design rules that would enable them to reliably consider the effects of each space quality criterion to design more desirable architectural spaces for users. This study can be a guide for planners, designers, managers and policy makers engaged in designing and assessing various spaces.

Anahita temple (located in Kangavar) is Iran's biggest stone building which some parts of it were first built in the Achaemenian period and then finished bit by bit all the way through to the Sassanian period. According to historical evidence, this temple was an altar for paying respect to the eminence goddess of water, “Anahita”. This building has changed a lot through time (natural or man-made causes), specially after Islam. What is left of this building after all the damage that has been done to it through time, can't really tell us anything about its true history and architectural/skeletal identity? Researchers even disagree on its building date and usage. Researches that have been done on this particular building, never indicated anything about its true architecture and identity, they all looked at the subject from its archeological aspect and what was left of it. With the researches done on this building by the writers, new and very important information on the temple's architecture have been discovered. (Former researchers have established fictional pictures or plans of how the real architecture was, some of which is shown in this article).The authors of this article are after finding the temple's true Persian identity through an architectural analysis. The descriptions given by eastern and western historian and sailors from the temple, professionals’ ideas and researches about the style of architecture used, Persian properties of the temple, archeological information on the architecture of this temple, and the important aspects of other architectures are some of the information discussed in this article.In the end an analysis has been done according to the Persian of the architecture of the temple, revealing the buildings’ true identity.

People's happiness demands are different according to their age. Children are the link between past and future generations of societies and they should be prioritized in meeting their needs and desires. Today, children's happiness has become an interdisciplinary topic and various researches have been carried out at the world level. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to evaluate studies and prioritize the components of children's happiness for the principles of architectural design. This applied research with a Systematic Review technique to review sources and analyze and analyze quantitative data with VOSviewer software and qualitative data with MAXQDA software, eighteen articles selected from the external database Scopus and internal Magiran in order to respond to The main research question, "What are the most important components of children's happiness in the process of architectural design?" has been answered. The scientometric analysis shows that the relationship between countries, journals and researchers in this field is weak and there is a time gap. In the content analysis with an inductive approach, the components were proposed in four physical, cultural-social, functional and climatic dimensions.

Deeper than any other trend, painting can establish the closest link between the mental and objective world. Paying attention to Iranian painting as a source of architectural history does not have a long history, but such researches on Western painting have been done many times and the influence of architectural art on painting is very evident. Sultan Mohammad Tabrizi is one of the famous painters of the second Tabriz school in the historical era of Agh Quyunlu and Safavid, who has many wonderful works in the art of that era. The purpose of this research is to represent architectural elements in the paintings of Tabriz II School of Tabriz and in the works of Sultan Mohammad. The research method of this research is analytical-descriptive and the collection method is documentary and library. First, using content analysis, the basics and basic concepts were investigated, and finally, the architectural artifacts found in the three paintings of Sultan Mohammad were investigated. The findings indicated the presence of six repeated elements in the works, which are mainly an important part of the 10 basic elements of architecture in the paintings of the second school of Tabriz. The results show the presence of building elements, details and plants in all the works, and in future studies, the elements can be formally examined and compared with other painters' works.